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Embedded Linux Training

Hands-on Training for Embedded Systems Development

Course Modules

Module 0: Course Orientation & Prerequisites

Objective

Set expectations, environment setup, and introduce tools.

Topics Covered

  • What is Embedded Systems & Embedded Linux
  • Difference between Bare-Metal vs Embedded Linux
  • Introduction to the development environment
  • Linux host system setup (Ubuntu/Debian)
  • Cross-toolchain overview
  • Installing and using terminal utilities
  • Introduction to version control with Git
  • Overview of the course flow and final project

Hands-on Lab

  • Set up development machine
  • Install compiler, cross toolchain, git
  • Configure serial communication with BeagleBone Black (UART/USB)

Module 1: C Programming for Embedded Systems

Objective

Build solid C language fundamentals tailored for embedded development.

Topics Covered

  • Review of basic C concepts
  • Pointers, arrays, structures, enums, typedef
  • Memory layout in C (stack, heap, static, global)
  • Bitwise operations and embedded use cases
  • Volatile, const, static in embedded context
  • Inline functions and macros
  • Low-level register access using structures and pointers
  • Using gcc and gdb effectively

Hands-on Lab

  • Write and compile simple C programs
  • Create a GPIO control simulation in C
  • Memory map simulation
  • Debugging using gdb

Module 2: Data Structures in Embedded Systems

Objective

Learn efficient data handling in resource-constrained systems.

Topics Covered

  • Static vs dynamic memory
  • Linked lists, queues, stacks, circular buffers
  • State machines
  • Interrupt handling simulation using data structures
  • Optimizing data structures for embedded usage

Hands-on Lab

  • Implement a circular buffer for UART Rx/Tx
  • Build a basic task scheduler using linked lists
  • Build a state machine to control LEDs on BeagleBone

Module 3: ARM Architecture & Toolchain

Objective

Understand the CPU architecture and toolchain fundamentals.

Topics Covered

  • Introduction to ARM architecture (Cortex-A)
  • Modes of operation, registers, pipeline
  • Memory hierarchy and MMU basics
  • Exception and interrupt handling
  • Boot process on ARM
  • Introduction to Assembly & mixed C/Assembly
  • Cross-compilation flow and linker scripts
  • Understanding ELF files, objdump, nm

Hands-on Lab

  • Write and run a simple ARM assembly program
  • Analyze generated assembly from C
  • Use objdump and nm to inspect binaries
  • Understand boot sequence on BeagleBone

Module 4: Board Bring-Up on BeagleBone

Objective

Get hands-on experience with board bring-up and low-level boot flow.

Topics Covered

  • BeagleBone hardware overview (AM335x)
  • Boot modes (eMMC, SD card, UART)
  • U-Boot introduction and configuration
  • Bootloader customization basics
  • Device tree concepts
  • Kernel boot flow
  • Working with root filesystem
  • Debugging boot issues (serial console, logs)

Hands-on Lab

  • Connect to BeagleBone via UART and USB
  • Flash and boot using SD card
  • U-Boot environment configuration
  • Load and run custom kernel image
  • Modify device tree to enable peripherals
  • Mount root filesystem via NFS

Module 5: Linux Kernel & Device Drivers

Objective

Introduction to kernel concepts and writing basic drivers.

Topics Covered

  • Kernel architecture overview
  • Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs)
  • Platform driver model
  • Sysfs, procfs basics
  • GPIO, I2C, SPI driver framework
  • Kernel debugging (dmesg, printk, debugfs)

Hands-on Lab

  • Build and insert a simple "Hello Kernel" module
  • Write a character device driver for GPIO LED
  • Use sysfs to control peripheral

Module 6: Yocto Project – Build Embedded Linux Image

Objective

Learn how to build custom Linux images using Yocto for BeagleBone.

Topics Covered

  • Introduction to Yocto Project build system
  • Poky, bitbake, layers, recipes
  • Metadata and machine configuration
  • Customizing images
  • Adding and modifying packages
  • Creating custom layer
  • Flashing image to BeagleBone

Hands-on Lab

  • Set up Yocto environment
  • Build minimal image for BeagleBone
  • Add custom application to image
  • Deploy image to board
  • Boot and validate custom image

Module 7: Capstone Project & Evaluation

Objective

Apply everything learned in a real-world-style project.

Example Projects

  • Smart home controller using GPIO, I2C, SPI
  • Sensor monitoring with custom Yocto image
  • Lightweight RT scheduler with Linux
  • Boot logo customization and minimal OS image

Deliverables

  • Complete source code and documentation
  • Custom Yocto image booting on BeagleBone
  • Demonstration of functionality
  • Presentation and evaluation

Additional Resources

Tools & Technologies

Development Tools

  • GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
  • GDB Debugger
  • U-Boot Bootloader
  • Buildroot (alternative to Yocto)

Documentation

  • Official BeagleBone AM335x datasheet
  • Linux kernel documentation
  • Yocto Project Reference Manual

Course Timeline

12-Week Schedule

Module 0
  • Orientation
  • 0.5 week
Module 1
  • C Programming
  • 2 weeks
Module 2
  • Data Structures
  • 1.5 weeks
Module 3
  • ARM Architecture
  • 2 weeks
Module 4
  • Board Bring-Up
  • 2.5 weeks
Module 6
  • Yocto Project
  • 2 weeks
Module 7
  • Final Project
  • 1.5 weeks

Teaching Strategy

30% Theory / 50% Labs

Emphasize hands-on debugging and bring-up with real hardware scenarios.

Incremental Learning

Use mini-projects after each module to reinforce concepts and build skills progressively.

Git-Based Workflow

All submissions and version tracking through Git to simulate professional development environments.

Real-World Debugging

Experience real board debugging scenarios including boot failures, device tree issues, and hardware integration challenges.

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